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I.
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II.
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<>
Per
Anger, Sweden
<> Lars
Berg, Sweden
<> Friedrich
Born, Switzerland
<> Angel
Sanz-Briz, Spain
<> Carl
Ivan Danielson,
Sweden
<> Georg
Ferdinand Duckwitz,
Germany
<>
Waldemar Langlet,
Sweden
<> Charles
"Carl" Lutz,
Switzerland
<> Aristides
de Sousa Mendes,
Portugal
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<>
Giorgio
"Jorge" Perlasca,
Italy
<>
Ernst Prodolliet,
Switzerland
<> Aracy
de Carvalho-Guimaraes Rosa,
Brazil
<> Monsignor
Angelo Rotta,
Italy
<> Jose
Santaella, Spain
<> Chiune
(Sempo) Sugihara,
Japan
<> Selahattin
Ülkümen,
Turkey
<> Raoul
Wallenberg, Sweden
<> Jan
Zwartendijk, The
Netherlands
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P a r t
I I
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Giorgio
"Jorge" Perlasca,
Italy:
"Acting Chargé d'Affaires" of the Spanish
Legation, Budapest, Hungary, 1944-45
Giorgio Perlasca, an Italian, is
credited with saving thousands of Jewish refugees in
Budapest. He was granted Spanish citizenship for fighting
with Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Perlasca
volunteered to work with the Spanish legation's efforts
to rescue Jews in Budapest. In the fall of 1944, under
Perlasca's supervision, the number of Jews under the
protection of Spanish safe houses in Budapest grew from
300 to about 3,000. In November 1944, the Spanish
Ambassador left Budapest and Perlasca began acting on his
own authority. Perlasca soon appointed himself "Spanish
Ambassador" and continued to issue thousands of
protective passes stamped with the legation's seal. His
bluff worked, and Nazi officials accepted his authority.
Perlasca also protected the Spanish safe houses in
Budapest from Nazi and Arrow Cross raids. Perlasca is
credited with saving more than 3,000 Jews.
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Ernst
Prodolliet,
Switzerland:
Swiss Consul General in Bregenz, Austria
Prodolliet
received Israel's Righteous Among the Nations award for
his life saving activities.
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Aracy
de Carvalho-Guimaraes Rosa,
Brazil:
Aide to the Brazilian Ambassador in Berlin
For
her actions to save Jews in Berlin, Rosa was awarded the
Righteous Among the Nations life saving award.
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Monsignor
Angelo Rotta, Italy:
Vatican diplomat in Sofia, Bulgaria, and Papal Nuncio
(Ambassador) in Budapest, 1944-45
Monsignor
Rotta was a major rescuer of Jews. As a member of the
Vatican diplomatic corps in Sofia, Bulgaria, he took
measures to save Bulgarian Jews by issuing false
baptismal certificates and visas for Jews to travel to
Palestine. Later, Rotta was the Dean of the diplomatic
corps in Budapest. He actively protested the deportation
and murder of Hungarian Jews. He eventually issued more
than 15,000 safe conduct certificates to Jews who were
protected by the Vatican neutrality. Rotta also issued
hundreds of safe conducts and baptismal certificates to
Jews in labor camps, at deportation centers and on the
death marches. He set up and personally protected
numerous safe houses throughout Budapest.
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Jose
Santaella, Spain:
Spanish Agricultural Attaché in Berlin
Jose
Santaella was awarded the Righteous Among the Nations
medal for helping to save Jews in Berlin.
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Chiune
(Sempo) Sugihara,
Japan:
Consul for Japan in Kovno, Lithuania, 1940
Sugihara
issued Japanese visas to thousands of Polish Jews in
Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania, between July 27 and August 28,
1940. He asked for and obtained an extension to remain in
Kovno for an extra 20 days from the occupying Soviet
government officials. He even issued visas as his train
was leaving Kovno for his next assignment. He issued the
visas against the express orders of his government. This
allowed the refugees to escape to Kobe, Japan. From
there, many were able to escape to the United States,
Canada, South America, Australia and Palestine. About
1,000 refugees survived the war in Shanghai, China. In
1947, he was forced to resign from the Japanese
diplomatic service. He always believed this was for his
actions in Lithuania.
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Selahattin
Ülkümen,
Turkey:
Turkish Consul General in Rhodes, July 1944
In
July 1944, the Germans began rounding up the Jews of
Rhodes. The Turkish Consul General, Selahattin
Ülkümen, interceded on behalf of those Jews who
were Turkish nationals. By his efforts, 42 Jewish
families, totaling more than 200 Jews, were set free from
the deportation to Auschwitz-Birkenau. In reprisal, the
Nazi authorities bombed Ülkümen's house,
fatally injuring his pregnant wife. Consul General
Ülkümen received the Righteous Among the
Nations award in 1990. He currently lives in Istanbul,
Turkey.
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Raoul
Wallenberg, Sweden:
Secretary of the Swedish Legation in Budapest,
Hungary, 1944-45
Wallenberg
issued Swedish diplomatic papers to more than 30,000
Hungarian Jews. He prevented the Nazis from deporting and
murdering Jews in the death camp of Auschwitz-Birkenau.
With his staff of Jewish volunteers, Wallenberg rescued
thousands of Jews who were being forced on death marches.
He also established dozens of safe houses throughout
Budapest. He tirelessly protected the safe houses from
Nazi and Arrow Cross raids. In January 1945, Raoul
Wallenberg was arrested by the Russians and disappeared.
He has been honored all over the world for his
activities.
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Jan
Zwartendijk, The
Netherlands:
Acting Dutch Consul in Kovno, Lithuania, 1940
Zwartendijk
was the honorary Dutch Consul in Kovno (Kaunas),
Lithuania. He is credited with devising and pioneering
the use of the "Curacao visa" in early July 1940. Along
with Sugihara, he issued end visas to the destinations of
Curacao and Surinam. He is credited with saving thousands
of lives. In 1997, he was awarded the Righteous Among the
Nations honor by Yad Vashem.
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end of Part
II
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