.
I.
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II.
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<>
Per
Anger, Sweden
<> Lars
Berg, Sweden
<>
Friedrich Born,
Switzerland
<> Angel
Sanz-Briz, Spain
<> Carl
Ivan Danielson,
Sweden
<>
Georg Ferdinand Duckwitz,
Germany
<> Waldemar
Langlet, Sweden
<> Charles
"Carl" Lutz,
Switzerland
<> Aristides
de Sousa Mendes,
Portugal
|
<>
Giorgio
Perlasca, Italy
<> Ernst
Prodolliet,
Switzerland
<> Aracy
de Carvalho-Guimaraes Rosa,
Brazil
<> Monsignor
Angelo Rotta,
Italy
<> Jose
Santaella, Spain
<> Chiune
(Sempo) Sugihara,
Japan
<> Selahattin
Ülkümen,
Turkey
<> Raoul
Wallenberg, Sweden
<> Jan
Zwartendijk, The
Netherlands
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P a r t
I
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Per
Anger, Sweden:
Secretary of the Swedish Legation in Budapest,
Hungary, 1944-45
Per
Anger kept the Swedish Embassy open in Hungary and worked
closely with Raoul Wallenberg. He personally intervened
on behalf of Jews who were being deported to the Nazi
death camps. On other occasions, Anger rescued Jews from
Nazi death marches leaving Budapest. Consul Anger is
credited with saving thousands of Jews from the spring of
1944 until the end of the war in May 1945. Anger died in
Stockholm, Sweden, on August 26, 2002.
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Lars
Berg, Sweden:
Swedish Consul in Budapest, Hungary, 1944-45
Lars
Berg was part of the diplomatic mission to Budapest,
Hungary. Along with his other diplomatic colleagues, he
was responsible for saving Jews from Nazi and Arrow Cross
deportations and murder. He has been honored by Yad
Vashem for his actions.
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Friedrich
Born, Switzerland:
Chief Delegate of the International Committee of the
Red Cross of Switzerland in Budapest, Hungary,
1944-45
Friedrich
Born came to Budapest, Hungary, in May 1944. During the
period from May 1944 to January 1945, Born issued
thousands of Red Cross letters of protection to Jews of
Budapest. He is credited with retrieving thousands of
Jews from deportation camps and death marches in and
around Budapest. He provided an additional 4,000 Jews
with employment papers, preventing their deportation. He
put over 60 Jewish institutions under Red Cross
protection and housed over 7,000 Jewish children and
orphans. He worked closely with the other neutral
diplomatic legations, and set up dozens of Red Cross
protected houses. He is credited with rescuing between
11,000 and 15,000 Jews in Budapest.
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Angel
Sanz-Briz, Spain:
Spanish Minister (Ambassador) in Budapest, Hungary,
1944
In
the summer of 1944, Don Angel Sanz-Briz, Spanish
Ambassador in Budapest, appealed to Madrid for permission
to provide protective papers for Jewish Spanish citizens
residing in Budapest. Eventually, Sanz-Briz issued
between 500 and 700 Spanish protective passes. In
addition, he authorized the establishment and protection
of dozens of safe houses in Budapest. By the end of the
war, many thousands of Jews were saved by receiving
protection from the Spanish legation.
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Carl
Ivan Danielson,
Sweden:
Swedish Minister (Ambassador) in Budapest, Hungary,
1944-45
Carl
Ivan Danielsson, as head of the Swedish mission to
Budapest, Hungary, was responsible for the rescue and
protection of tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews. For
his actions, he was awarded the Righteous Among the
Nations medal by Israel.
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Georg
Ferdinand Duckwitz,
Germany:
Trade Attaché to the German Embassy in Copenhagen,
Denmark, 1943
Georg
Ferdinand Duckwitz was a member of the Nazi Party and was
sent as a Trade Attaché to the German Embassy in
Copenhagen, Denmark. When Duckwitz learned that the Nazi
occupying government was planning to deport Danish Jews,
he alerted the Danish government. In addition, he made a
clandestine trip to the Prime Minster of Sweden to
arrange for safe haven for the Jews. For these actions,
he could have been killed. The Danish underground in turn
implemented the rescue of more than 7,000 Danish Jews. As
a result, 99% of Danish Jews were hidden and smuggled
into neutral Sweden, where they survived the war. After
the war, Duckwitz became the German Ambassador to
Denmark.
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Valdemar
(or Waldemar) Langlet,
Sweden:
Swedish Red Cross Delegate in Budapest, Hungary,
1944-45
On
June 11, 1944, Carl Danielsson, Swedish Minister in
Budapest, requested the Hungarian government allow the
Swedish Red Cross to join the Hungarian Red Cross in
feeding and housing thousands of orphaned Jewish
children. Dr. Langlet launched a humanitarian campaign
immediately, working with the Hungarian Red Cross.
Langlet and his wife issued and distributed Swedish
protective passes to Hungarian Jews, which prevented them
from being deported or murdered by the Arrow Cross or
Nazis.
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Charles
"Carl" Lutz,
Switzerland:
Consul for Switzerland in Budapest, Hungary,
1944-45
Swiss
Vice-Consul Carl Lutz was the first neutral diplomat in
Budapest to rescue Jews. He is credited with inventing
the Schutzbrief (protective letter) for Jewish refugees
in Budapest. After March 19th., 1944, the Germans
occupied Hungary and the new government of Done Sztojay
closed the Hungarian borders to Jewish emigration. In
tough negotiations with the Nazis and the Hungarian
government Lutz got the permission to issue protective
letters to 8,000 Hungarian Jews for emigration to
Palestine. Using a ruse and interpreting the 8,000
"units" not as persons but as families, he and his staff
issued tens of thousands of added "protective letters",
totally about 62,000. Lutz established 76 Swiss safe
houses throughout Budapest and liberated Jews from
deportation centers and death marches. Already in
1942/43, in co-operation with the Jewish Agency for
Palestine, he had helped 10,000 Jewish children and young
people to emigrate to Palestine. He is credited with
saving 62,000 Jews from the Nazi Holocaust.
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Aristides
de Sousa Mendes:
Portugal: Portuguese Consul General in Bordeaux, France,
June 1940
Aristides
De Sousa Mendes was the Consul General in Bordeaux,
France. He issued more than 30,000 life-saving Portuguese
visas. Ten thousand were for Jews and 20,000 were for
other refugees. Mendes saved the entire royal Habsburg
family, including the Empress Zita. In addition, he saved
the entire Belgian cabinet in exile. Mendes personally
conducted hundreds of Jewish refugees across a border
checkpoint on the Spanish frontier. All of his life
saving activities were done against the orders and
policies of his government. He was fired by his
government and lost all of his property. He died in
poverty in Lisbon in 1954. In November of 1995, Portugal
restored his career and awarded him a special medal for
saving lives.
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